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Chính xác ra là, chaperone kg hỗ trợ các protein đã phát triển bình thường - là những protein đã trải qua quá trình cuộn-gập-gấp khúc đúng.tuy nhiên, điều này không xảy ra ở chính các cấu trúc protein đó khi chúng sắp thực hiện các chức năng sinh học của mình sau khi đã hoàn thiện các quá trình cuộn gập hay họp nhóm
- Câu này phải đc hiểu là, chaperones hỗ trợ trực tiếp quá trình cuộn gấp của protein bằng cách cung cấp không gian cần thiết cho quá trinh cuộn gấp - định nghĩa cơ bản của chaperon, ngăn cách các protein mới sản xuất với ảnh hưởng của môi trường nội bào xung quanh(có khả năng tác động lên quá trình folding)However, 'steric chaperones' directly assist in the folding of specific proteins by providing essential steric information
Orion8x có thể giải thích tại sao ở đây cụm từ "essential steric information" lại phải được hiểu là "không gian cần thiết"? Theo mình thì "information" có nghĩa là "thông tin", chứ không thể là "không gian" được. Và nếu như vậy thì cả cụm từ sẽ cần được hiểu là "thông tin lập thể thiết yếu" hay "thông tin thiết yếu về cấu trúc không gian" chứ?- Câu này phải đc hiểu là, chaperones hỗ trợ trực tiếp quá trình cuộn gấp của protein bằng cách cung cấp không gian cần thiết cho quá trinh cuộn gấp - định nghĩa cơ bản của chaperon, ngăn cách các protein mới sản xuất với ảnh hưởng của môi trường nội bào xung quanh(có khả năng tác động lên quá trình folding)
Tôi đồng ý về cơ bản với ý dịch của bạn trừ chỗ in đậm, vì theo cấu trúc câu văn tiếng Anh thì chủ ngữ của về câu đó không phải là "điều này", mà chính là "chaperone proteins". 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Trong sinh học phân tử, protein bảo mẫu (chaperon) là những protein hỗ trợ cho sự cuộn gập hoặc duỗi cũng như sự họp nhóm hoặc giải họp nhóm liên kết không cộng hóa trị của các cấu trúc đại phân tử khác; tuy nhiên, điều này không xảy ra ở chính các cấu trúc protein đó khi chúng sắp thực hiện các chức năng sinh học của mình sau khi đã hoàn thiện các quá trình cuộn gập hay họp nhóm.
However, 'steric chaperones' directly assist in the folding of specific proteins by providing essential steric information
Orion8x có thể giải thích tại sao ở đây cụm từ "essential steric information" lại phải được hiểu là "không gian cần thiết"? Theo mình thì "information" có nghĩa là "thông tin", chứ không thể là "không gian" được. Và nếu như vậy thì cả cụm từ sẽ cần được hiểu là "thông tin lập thể thiết yếu" hay "thông tin thiết yếu về cấu trúc không gian" chứ?
Theo tôi thì không có gì mâu thuẫn trong văn bản tiếng Anh cả, vì đoạn trên đề cập tới chaperone nói chung, còn đoạn dưới mà orion8x nói đến lại đề cập đến một trường hợp riêng lẻ của chaperone, đó là "steric chaperone" (chaperone lập thể). Chaperone lập thể có những đặc điểm mà chaperone nói chung không có là chuyện dễ hiểu mà.Kéo lên phía trên một chút, ngay đầu đoạn 2 có dòng "Chaperones do not necessarily convey steric information required for proteins to fold". Câu này hoàn toàn chính xác (về phía tôi). Nhưng ở dưới lại là "providing essential steric information".
Tôi không biết gì về lĩnh vực kiến thức này, nhưng phần in đậm dường như không phải bao giờ cũng đúng. Các protein có cùng một trình tự aa nhưng có cấu hình không gian khác nhau và tính chất khác nhau không phải là trường hợp hiếm gặp, điển hình như trong bệnh prion chẳng hạn.Thứ 2, về knowledge. Trước hết chuỗi aa là thứ duy nhất essential cho cấu hình 3-D của protein. Câu hỏi đặt ra: Thế chaperone làm gì!? Xin giải thích một chút về môi trường nội bào, chúng gồm rất rất nhiều đại phân tử mà tính chất (vật lí) có thể tương tác lên 1 phân tử khác - ở đây là protein chuẩn bị Fold. Đó gọi là molecular crowded (hay là molecular crowed environment). Chaperone chức năng như một cái hũ kín, cho chuỗi protein vào - fold - đi ra, ngăn cản các tác động của molecular crowded lên protein. Bản thân protein tự fold trong chaperone.
Điều này dễ chứng minh, trong vitro, nhìu thí nghiệm denature rồi lại renature protein vẫn fold lại đúng cấu hình của nó mà kg cần sự trợ giúp nào khác.
Cái câu "“track” their environments" có thể dịch là "phải "bám sát" với môi trường của chúng" được không(nghĩa là sinh vật phải có sự thay đổi phù hợp để thích nghi khi môi trường thay đổi)#2.9
“Arms Races”
Individuals and species must “track” their environments in ecological and evolutionary time, adapting and evolving as their environments change. Natural selection acting on natural enemies (prey, parasites, and predators) will always result in a deterioration of an organism’s biotic environment, diminishing fitness. Every prey-predator or host-parasite interaction constitutes an escalating “arms race,” in which moves alternate with countermoves.
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[FONT="]fermentation: the fermentor was inoculated with the 10 liters of culture, described above at midnight and left overnight with slow agitation (45 rpm). At 9 AM , turbidity (Kleet, 540 nm) was over 300 units, corresponding to a cell denity of about 2,5 g/liter. The continuous sterilizer was steamed for about 30 minutes. Feeding of medium, which include the sodiumsulfide, commenced at 9:45 AM at a rate of 1.5 liters/minutes, with a holding temperature of 130 for 2 minutes.[/FONT]
Theo mình phần dịch của bạn tốt rồi, những chỗ bạn thay đổi cấu trúc câu hay ghép hai câu làm một nghe có vẻ xuôi hơn cả bản gốc. Một góp ý nhỏ cho bạn:
- respiration: hô hấp
- sinh vật sống: "sinh vật" thì đương nhiên là sống chứ nhỉ?